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In linguistics, a stative verb is one that describes a state of being, in contrast to a dynamic verb which describes an action. The difference can be categorized by saying that stative verbs are static or unchanging throughout their entire duration, whereas dynamic verbs describe a process that changes over time.〔Binnick, Robert I. 1991. ''Time and the Verb: a Guide to Tense and Aspect''. New York: Oxford University Press.〕 Many languages distinguish between these two types in terms of how they can be used grammatically.〔Michaelis, Laura A. 2011. Stative by Construction. ''Linguistics'' 49: 1359-1400.〕 == Difference from dynamic == The same verb may act as stative or dynamic. An English phrase like "he plays the piano" may be either stative or dynamic, according to context. When in a given context the verb "play" relates to a state (an interest or a profession) it is considered stative. Thus, "he" could be an amateur who enjoys music or a professional pianist. The dynamic interpretation emerges from a specific context in the case "play" describes an action, "what does he do on Friday evening? He plays the piano". Some languages use the same verbs for dynamic and stative situations, while other use different (but often etymologically related) verbs with some kind of qualifiers to distinguish between the usages. A stative verb is often intransitive, while a corresponding one would be transitive. Compare, for example, modern English with modern Swedish and German. Some languages even make distinction when dealing with stative and dynamic verbs in sentences. In German, for instance, several prepositions (''Wechselpräpositionen'' – "changing prepositions") take different noun cases when they accompany stative and dynamic verbs. For stative verbs, the dative case is taken, whereas the accusative case is taken by the preposition when describing a dynamic verb. For example: *''Ich'' lege ''den Stift auf den Tisch.'' (I lay the pen on(to) the table.) - ''Den'' here is the masculine definite article in accusative case. (- infinitive: ''legen'' ) :BUT *''Der Stift'' liegt ''auf dem Tisch.'' (The pen lies on the table.) - ''Dem'' here is masculine definite article in dative case. (- infinitive: ''liegen'' ) The same scheme also applies with stative and dynamic verbs in general, i.e. when the verb is stative (albeit the dynamic counterpart is non-existent), the preposition will always take dative, and vice versa. *''Ich'' bin ''in der Schule.'' (I am at school. - literally ''I am in the school.'') - ''Der'' here is the feminine definite article in dative case, since the verb ''bin'' (infinitive: ''sein'' - to be) is a stative verb. *''Ich'' gehe ''in die Schule.'' (I go to school. - literally ''I go in the school.'') - ''Die'' here is the feminine definite article in accusative case, since the verb ''gehe'' (infinitive: ''gehen'' - to go) is a dynamic verb. :BUT :''Ich'' gehe ''zur Schule.'' (= ''zu'' + der ) (I go to school. - literally ''I go to the school.'') - ''Der'' here is the feminine definite article in dative case. Note that ''zu'' is not a ''Wechselpräposition'' and always takes dative case. *' bist ''du?'' – ''Im Kino.'' (= ''in'' + dem ) (Where are you? – In the cinema.) - ''Dem'' here is the neuter definite article in dative case. (- infinitive: ''sein'' ) *' gehst ''du?'' – ''Ins Kino.'' (= ''in'' + das ) (Where are you going? – To the cinema.) – ''Das'' here is the neuter definite article in accusative case. (– infinitive: ''gehen'' ) Additionally, in English and many other languages, stative and dynamic verbs differ in whether or not they can use the progressive aspect. Dynamic verbs such as "go" can be used in the progressive (''I am going to school'') whereas stative verbs such as "know" cannot ( *''I am knowing the answer''). In other languages, statives can be used in the progressive as well: in Korean, for example, the sentence 미나가 인호를 사랑하고있다 (''Mina is loving Inho'') is perfectly valid.〔Lee, EunHee. 2006. "Stative Progressives in Korean and English". ''Journal of Pragmatics'' 38 (5) (May): 695–717.〕 In some languages, stative and dynamic verbs will use entirely different morphological markers on the verbs themselves. For example, in the Mantauran dialect of Rukai, an indigenous language of Taiwan, the two types of verbs take different prefixes in their finite forms, with dynamic verbs taking ''o-'' and stative verbs taking ''ma-''. Thus, the dynamic verb "jump" is ''o-coroko'' in the active voice, while the stative verb "love" is ''ma-ðalamə''. This sort of marking is characteristic of other Formosan languages as well.〔Zeitoun, Elizabeth. 2000. "Dynamic Vs Stative Verbs in Mantauran (Rukai)". ''Oceanic Linguistics'' 39 (2) (December): 415–427.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stative verb」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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